NPS - Asbestos - Friable - Removal SWMS

• Document No.

• Audit Title

• Client / Site

• Conducted on

  Date

• Prepared by

• Location
  Address

• Personnel

• Activity: Asbestos - Friable - Removal

• SWMS No:

Review Number

• Choose which number.

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• Name and Signature:

  Sign

• Company Name:

• Address:

• ABN:

• Company Contact:

• Position:

• Phone No:

Relevant workers must be consulted in the development, approval and communication of this SWMS.

• Add workers to be consulted:

Worker

• Name and Signature:

  Sign

• Job Title:

SWMS APPROVED BY: (Employer/PCBU/Director/Owner)

• Name and Signature:

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• Name and Signature of person responsible for ensuring compliance with SWMS:

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Project Details

• Project:

• Job Address:

• Job Description:

• Principal Contractor Company Name:

• Principal Contractor's Name and Signature:

  Sign

• Date SWMS provided to Principal Contractor:

  Date

Risk Assessment Matrix

• - 4A: Acute DO NOT PROCEED > requires immediate attention. Introduce further high-level controls to lower the risk level.
  
  - 3H: High > Review before commencing work. Introduce new controls and/or maintain high-level controls to lower the risk level. Monitor frequently to ensure control measures are working.
  
  - 2M: Moderate > Maintain control measures. Proceed with work. Monitor and review regularly, and if any equipment/people/materials/work processes or procedures change.
  
  - 1L: Low > Record and monitor. Proceed with work. Review regularly, and if any equipment/people/materials/work processes or procedures change.

• 

Hierarchy of Controls

• • Elimination - Risk will be eliminated where possible
  ↓
  • Substitution Isolation Engineering - Where risk remains, one/combination of controls will be used
  ↓
  • Administrative - Where risk remains, administrative controls will be used
  ↓
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Where risk still remains, it will be reduced as far as reasonably practicable with use of PPE.

• Overall Risk Rating after Controls

  1 Low

  2 Moderate

  3 High

  4 Acute

SWMS Scope

• This SWMS covers the removal of friable asbestos in the workplace. This SWMS does not cover working in confined spaces, hazardous manual tasks, working at heights, scaffold, elevated work platforms, noise control in sufficient detail. Dedicated SWMS should be developed for these tasks, and for any risks not covered in this SWMS.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Ensure all PPE meets relevant Australian Standards. Inspect and replace PPE as needed.

• Foot Protection

• High Visibility

• Head Protection

• Eye Protection

• Face Protection

• Hand Protection

• Protective Clothing

• Breathing Protection

• Sun Protection: Broad brimmed hat, UV rated clothing, SPF 30+ sunscreen, tinted safety glasses with adequate UV protection

High Risk Construction Work

• This work activity involves the following “High Risk Construction Work”:
  • Involves a risk of a person falling more than 2 metres
  • Involves demolition of an element of a structure that is load-bearing or otherwise related to the physical integrity of the structure
  • Involves, or is likely to involve, the disturbance of asbestos
  • Involves structural alterations or repairs that require temporary support to prevent collapse
  • Is carried out on or near energised electrical installations or services
  • Is carried out in an area that may have a contaminated or flammable atmosphere.

Dangerous Goods/ Hazardous Chemicals

• Environmental risks may include damage to buildings, plants, soils, waterways and water catchment areas and/or poisoning of people or fauna due to incorrect disposal or run off of Asbestos (or Asbestos Containing Materials) during spills or clean up, and/or liberation of dust containing Asbestos fibres during renovation, encapsulation or cleaning operations.
  Disposing of asbestos and contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE)
  All asbestos waste must be contained and labelled in accordance with the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and must be disposed of at a site authorised to accept asbestos waste as soon as practicable.
  
  All PPE that has been contaminated with asbestos must be sealed in a container before being removed from the asbestos waste area and disposed of at a site authorised to accept asbestos waste. If it is not reasonably practicable to dispose of the PPE clothing then it must be laundered at a laundry equipped to deal with asbestos contaminated clothing. If it is not practicable to launder the clothing, it must be kept in a sealed container until it is reused for asbestos removal purposes.
  
  Exposure to Friable Asbestos can lead to serious illness and fatality from mesothelioma, asbestosis and lung cancer. An exposure standard exists for asbestos – being 0.1 fibres per mil of air (in a person’s breathing zone averaged over 8 hours).

• Friable asbestos – any asbestos material in a powder form or can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to a powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples include: pipe lagging, limpet and fire door cores.
  
  Asbestos is the generic term for a number of fibrous silicate minerals. There are two major groups of asbestos:
  - The serpentine group contains chrysotile, commonly known as white asbestos
  - The amphibole group contains amosite (brown asbestos) and crocidolite (blue asbestos), as well as some other less common types, such as tremolite, actinolite and anthophyllite.
  
  Asbestos was commonly mixed with cement to form products such as fibro sheets, pipes and gutters and under floor packing. It was also woven into fabric and used for pipe lagging, boiler insulation and loose roof insulation.
  
  The use of asbestos has been banned in Australia since 31 December 2003.

• The Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 uses the following definitions for asbestos:
  - Airborne asbestos - any fibres of asbestos small enough to be made airborne
  - Asbestos containing material (ACM) - any material or thing that contains asbestos as part of its design
  - Asbestos contaminated dust or debris (ACD) - dust or debris that has settled within a workplace and is (or assumed to be) contaminated with asbestos
  - Competent person - a person who has acquired, through training, qualification or experience, the knowledge and skills to carry out an asbestos related task
  - Competent person for a clearance inspection - a person who has acquired through training or experience the knowledge and skills of relevant asbestos removal industry practice and holds:
  o A certification in relation to the specified VET course for asbestos assessor work, or
  o A tertiary qualification in OHS, occupational hygiene, science, building, construction or environmental health
  - Friable asbestos – any asbestos material in a powder form or can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to a powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples include: pipe lagging, limpet and fire door cores.
  - In situ asbestos - asbestos or ACM fixed or installed in a structure, equipment or plant but does not include naturally occurring asbestos
  - Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) - the natural geological occurrence of asbestos minerals found in association with geological deposits including rock, sediment or soil
  - Non friable asbestos - material containing asbestos that is not friable asbestos, including material containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound such as, asbestos cement (fibro), brakes and vinyl floor tiles
  - Respirable asbestos - an asbestos fibre that:
  o Is less than 3 microns (µm) wide
  o Is more than 5 microns (µm) long
  o Has a length to width ratio of more than 3:1.

• Prohibitions on Asbestos:
  - High pressure air or gases must not be used on or near ACM
  - High power tools must not be used (unless dust is able to be totally captured and exposure remains half of the exposure standard)
  - Unlicensed removal of less than 10 sq m of ACM does not include friable asbestos.

Job Step: Planning

• Consultation in relation to hazards and risks. Ensure:
  - Consult with the person you are carrying out the work for on the potential hazards and risks associated with the task
  - If represented by an elected Health and Safety Representative (HSR), they must be included in any consultation
  - Any other persons on site who are affected by the same matter are consulted and co-operative arrangements are made
  - Document consultation and action items.
  Liaise with Principal Contractor to establish that the following on-site systems and procedures are in place:
  - Health and Safety rules
  - Induction for all workers – site specific
  - Supervisory arrangements
  - Communication
  - Injury reporting
  - Hazard reporting
  - Personal Protective Equipment
  - Exclusion Zones
  - Risk Assessments
  - SWMS and JSA’s.

• Assess the exposure of workers to noise, including the frequency of exposure to noise levels that exceed the legislated Exposure Standard while operating the plant and equipment necessary for safe removal of friable asbestos and determine required controls such as Audiometric Testing and PPE. Refer to Noise Control SWMS for detailed information regarding the prevention of hearing loss and legislative requirements.
  
  Audiometric Testing: If Audiometric testing is required it must:
  - Be provided within three months of the worker commencing work
  - Be started before people are exposed to hazardous noise (such as new workers or those changing jobs)
  - Provide a baseline as a reference for future audiometric test results
  - Have follow-up tests carried out at least every two years.
  - Be carried out with consultation with your workers and their health and safety representatives
  - Be carried out by competent persons in accordance with the procedures in the relevant Australian Standard
  - Workers should be given the results of audiometric testing accompanied by a written explanation of the meaning and implications.

• Ensure:
  - Only trained licensed workers work with ACM.
  - Training incorporates the relevant units of competencies as required.
  Training should include:
  - General induction (first aid facilities, emergency plans and evacuation points, incident reporting, communication, contact persons, codes of conduct for personal interactions, etc.)
  - Relevant SWMS in place where necessary
  - Site security requirements
  - All persons on site have a General Construction Induction Card
  - Sufficient time for job, number of workers
  - First aid kit / supplies
  - Communication devices (check mobile phones, satellite phones or radios will have service in area)
  - Drinking water, clean up and toilet facilities available.

• WHS Regulations 2011 clause 461.
  A licensed asbestos removalist must keep a record of the training undertaken by a worker carrying out licensed asbestos removal work:
  - While the worker is carrying out licensed asbestos removal work, and
  - For 5 years after the day the worker stopped carrying out licensed asbestos removal work for the removalist.
  
  Friable ACM must be removed by a Class A removalist, and the direct relevant workers of the removalist.
  Direct relevant workers must be trained in:
  - Nature of hazard
  - Dangers of smoking
  - Risk controls
  - Specific work methods
  - Correct equipment
  - Decontamination procedures
  - Waste disposal
  - Emergency procedures
  - Use, fit, cleaning and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment.
  NOTE: If this training is undertaken by the Class A removalist, the content of the training must be approved by The Regulator.

• NOTE: It is required that all persons removing friable ACM have a Class A licence.
  
  Determine presence of asbestos/ACM:
  - Competent person to identify if asbestos present
  - Obtain as much information as possible on the location, type and condition of asbestos/ACM
  - Obtain a copy of the asbestos register for the site
  - Take notes and photographs for future reference and / or inclusion in asbestos register
  - If unsure, assume presence of asbestos.

• Establish:
  - Site specific SWMS
  - Safe removal methods
  - Start date
  - Duration
  - Emergency procedures
  - Layout of work area
  - Designs for air tight enclosure
  - Number of negative pressure exhaust units
  - Location of exhaust units (with HEPA filters)
  - Number of decontamination units
  - Location of decontamination units
  - Roles/responsibilities
  - Communication equipment
  - Risk controls for any hazards identified (such as work at heights, electricity).
  DO:
  - Notify relevant authorities of start date
  - Notify near-by premises if required
  - Ensure work area is unoccupied during removal process.

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

Job Step: Personal Protective Equipment and cleaning equipment

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos – removal.

Risks include:

• - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Exposure to toxic/hazardous atmosphere.

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• Risk Ratings Before Control: 4A

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  Coveralls, Ensure:
  - No pockets/velcro
  - Good quality (can’t be easily torn)
  - Type 5, Category 3 (protection level)
  - 1 size bigger to prevent ripping
  - Cuffs sealed with duct tape
  - Leg cuffs are not tucked into boots
  - Hood is worn over respirator straps.
  Gloves, Ensure:
  - Disposable (single use)
  - If latex – use low protein powder free
  - Dispose of as asbestos waste.
  
  Ensure: Wash hands and fingernails after work and before eating, drinking or smoking.

• Footwear, Ensure:
  - Laceless safety boots or gumboots
  - Remain in dirty decontamination area
  - Stored upside down when not in use
  - Are not used for non-asbestos work.
  Respiratory Protection, Ensure:
  - Persons are deemed medically fit to wear
  - Issued to individuals
  - Fit testing is conducted by competent person
  - Complete facial seal (no facial hair)
  - Suitable for job.
  
  Note: Continuous flow positive pressure respirators should be provided for persons with beards/stubble. Use correctly- fitting air-supply hoods for persons who need prescriptions glasses.
  Do not:
  - Leave respirators in asbestos contaminated area when not in use
  - Leave hanging around neck

• Ensure:
  - Respiratory equipment is regularly cleaned, maintained and records kept
  - Filter and respirator are compatible
  - Inspect all parts before and after use.
  
  Replace filters if damaged, when resistance increases and as per manufacturer’s instructions.
  
  For Airline respirators:
  - Incorporate back-up filter
  - Provide manifold if several persons are working in area to prevent tangling.
  
  Ensure air intake location is suitable to provide clean air.
  
  Seek advice from competent person for required level of protection.
  Examples:
  - Inspection – P1 or P2 half face
  - Sample removal – P3 full-face
  - Stripping (wet and dry) – Full suit or hood, positive pressure demand continuous flow airline with P3 backup.
  
  Tools and Equipment.
  Choose tools for removal to prevent generation of fibres (such as scrapers, chisels, bolt cutters or screwdrivers).

• PROHIBITED TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:
  Tools and equipment that generate dust must not be used on asbestos. These include:
  - Use brooms or high-powered tools. High-speed abrasive power and pneumatic tools, for example angle grinders, sanders, saws and high-speed drills
  - Brooms and brushes (unless brushes are used for sealing)
  - High-pressure water spray, jets, power or similar tools and instruments on asbestos in the workplace
  - Compressed air.
  
  After use, decontaminate tools/equipment, place in sealed, labelled containers and only use for asbestos work.
  Ensure vacuum cleaners:
  - Are wet/dry industrial (not domestic)
  - Have High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters
  - Contents are emptied in safe manner and disposed of as asbestos waste.
  Note: Clean vacuum by vacuuming visible dust and wipe using damp clothes. Store in labelled, impervious container and only use for asbestos work.

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 3H

Job Step: Set up

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos - removal
  - Falls from a height
  - Falls on the same level
  - Objects on ground
  - Uneven or slippery surface
  - Confined Space
  - Work at height above 2 metres
  - Work outdoors
  - Hazardous Manual Tasks
  o awkward, twisting, bending positions
  o lifting, carrying, or putting down objects
  o pushing, pulling, throwing, pressing objects
  o repetitious movements

Risks include:

• - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Falling from height causing serious injury or death
  - Trip, slip, fall on same level causing bruises, sprains, strains, fractures
  - Asphyxiation
  - Entrapment - confined space
  - Electrocution / Electric shock
  - Explosion / Fire / smoke
  - Exposure to toxic/hazardous atmosphere
  - Falling objects – being struck / crushed
  - Muscular stress/ Musculoskeletal Disorder

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• RIsk Rating Before Control: 4A

• Barricade area to prevent persons entering site. This should remain until clearance certificate has been issued.
  
  Place caution signs in prominent locations (E.g. entry to site, entry/exit to removal area).
  Signs should state, “Do not enter – Asbestos” or similar.
  
  Inspect coveralls and other protective equipment. If damaged, do not use.
  Wear respiratory protection. Conduct fit check.
  
  Remove all unnecessary items from area.
  Construct enclosure (bubble) as per planned design. Ensure:
  - All vents, windows, air conditioning units are closed and covered
  - All pipes, conduits that pass out of bubble are sealed adequately
  - Air tight and negative air pressure of approximately 12pa is provided (more than 1 exhaust unit may be required)
  - Heavy duty (at least) 200 micron) plastic is used
  - Adequate lighting is provided (use clear plastic panels). Avoid using lighting inside bubble as this can raise temperatures.
  - All joints have at least 300mm overlap and are sealed with doubled sided tape and duct tape
  - Floor is of adequate strength to prevent penetration (such as woven plastic)
  - Provide air locks (double set of overlapping plastic) at entry/exit point
  - Double wrap and double tape any non-mobile items that need to remain in removal area
  - Conduct visual inspection of bubble.

• Obtain services of an independent, competent person (Occupational Hygienist) to inspect bubble. If leaks detected, repair and re-test.
  
  Hygienist should conduct regular inspection/testing during removal process. If leaks detected, cease work and repair/re-test.

• Decontamination Units, attach to bubble. Should include:
  - Dirty
  - Clean
  - Clean changing.
  
  Separate units by air locks (double plastic or spring loaded doors). Provide filters for water run-off (5 micron capture capability).
  
  Ensure sufficient units (6 relevant workers per unit)
  
  Develop procedures to separate males/females if required
  Note: Where decontamination units cannot be attached to bubble, provide:
  - Double coveralls (partial decontamination at removal site)
  - Methods to disconnect airline
  - Barricades/signage for travel path
  - Air monitoring along travel path
  - Isolate change areas.

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 2M

Job Step: Pre- start Operation

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos - removal
  - Falls on the same level
  - Objects on ground
  - Uneven or slippery surface
  - Work outdoors.

Risks include:

• Risks include:
  - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Trip, slip, fall on same level causing bruises, sprains, strains, fractures
  - Exposure to toxic/hazardous atmosphere.

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• RIsk Rating Before Control: 4A

• Working outdoors. Ensure:
  - Suitable protective clothing
  - Sun brim on hard hat
  - Safety glasses - UV Rated
  - Use 30+ sunscreen on exposed skin areas
  - Adequate drinking water
  - Access to shade during breaks
  - Adequate breaks
  - Check weather conditions – do not work in extreme weather.
  Hearing protection, ensure:
  - It is worn by all persons throughout the period of exposure to noise
  - It is suitable for the type of working environment and the work tasks
  - It s comfortable and correctly fitting for the worker
  - It is regularly inspected and maintained to ensure it remains in good, clean condition.

• Prior to any licensed asbestos removal work being carried out at a workplace, the licensed asbestos removalist must inform the person with management or control of the workplace about the work and the date it is to commence.
  The person with management or control of the workplace must then ensure the following persons are told that the asbestos removal work is to be carried out and when the work is to commence:
  - The person’s workers and any other persons at the workplace
  - The person who commissioned the asbestos removal work
  - Anyone conducting a business or undertaking at or in the vicinity of the workplace
  - Anyone occupying premises in the immediate vicinity of the workplace.

• Before commencing the licensed asbestos removal work, the licensed asbestos removalist must obtain a copy of the asbestos register for the workplace from the person with management or control of the workplace. This provision does not apply if the work is being carried out at a domestic premise.
  
  Barricades are to be erected to delineate the asbestos area.
  Ensure access to the asbestos removal area is limited to the following people:
  - Workers who are engaged to carry out the removal work
  - Other people who are associated with the removal work
  - People who are allowed under the WHS Regulations or another law to be in the asbestos removal area (for example, inspector, emergency service workers).

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 2M

Job Step: Removal of Asbestos

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos - removal
  - Falls from a height
  - Falls on the same level
  - Objects on ground
  - Uneven or slippery surface
  - Confined Space
  - Work at height above 2 metres
  - Work outdoors
  - Hazardous Manual Tasks
  o awkward, twisting, bending positions
  o lifting, carrying, or putting down objects
  o pushing, pulling, throwing, pressing objects
  o repetitious movements

Risks include:

• - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Falling from height causing serious injury or death
  - Trip, slip, fall on same level causing bruises, sprains, strains, fractures
  - Asphyxiation
  - Entrapment - confined space
  - Electrocution / Electric shock
  - Explosion / Fire / smoke
  - Exposure to toxic/hazardous atmosphere
  - Falling objects – being struck / crushed
  - Muscular stress/ Musculoskeletal Disorder

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• RIsk Rating Before Control: 4A

• Hazardous Manual Handling:
  - Avoid long periods of repetitive movements
  - Avoid awkward and sustained positions
  - Use mechanical lifting aids when possible
  - Use two or more people for lifting & moving heavy / awkward equipment
  - Regular breaks.
  Ensure:
  - The asbestos removal area is enclosed to prevent the release of respirable asbestos fibres
  - Negative pressure is used, provided the enclosure being used has been tested for leaks
  - The wet method of asbestos removal is used
  - The asbestos removal work area does not commence until the air monitoring is started by an independent licensed asbestos assessor, provided the enclosure has been tested for leaks
  - Air monitoring is undertaken during the asbestos removal work at times decided by the independent licensed assessor undertaking the monitoring
  - Any glove bag used to enclose the asbestos removal area is dismantled and disposed of safely.

• Asbestos material should be removed whole. If some sections have been damaged prior to removal, these may be strengthened by applying duct tape.
  
  Identify the method in which the asbestos cement product is held in place, then use a method that would minimise airborne dust generation in removing the product. For example:
  - Fasteners: dampen then carefully remove using a chisel
  - Bolts: dampen then use bolt cutters (or an oxy torch) – do not use an angle grinder
  - Screws: dampen then carefully unscrew with a screwdriver
  - Nails: dampen then carefully lever the panel or punch through if absolutely necessary.
  
  Avoid breaking the asbestos cement products. If breakage is absolutely necessary to remove/ dislodge the product, dampen the material and minimise breakage.
  
  Remove the asbestos cement product wet/damp by applying a fine water spray, unless this creates an electrical risk.
  Once removed from its position, spray the back of the product with a fine water spray. Frequent application of a fine water spray may be required depending on the circumstances (for example, a very hot day) but be careful not to create a slip hazard.

• Asbestos cement roof sheeting:
  Asbestos cement can become brittle with age, so any removal work on roofs should address the risk of fall hazards. If lichen is encountered on roof sheeting, caution should be exercised in the use of water and the choice of workers’ footwear because lichen can be slippery, especially when it is wet.
  Angle grinders should not be used because of the potential for damage to the asbestos cement and subsequent fibre release.
  Anchoring screws/bolts should be removed from the roofing sheets using an oxy torch or another suitable device that will not significantly damage the sheet.
  
  If the system of removal involves walking on the roof to remove roof sheeting (this should be the last option when choosing a method to remove roof sheeting)
  - Spray the asbestos cement roof sheeting with a PVA solution prior to removal
  - Ensure the PVA is dry before removing it so as to avoid a slip hazard
  - Once removed, spray the back (underside) of the asbestos cement with either a fine water spray or the PVA solution.
  
  Where the asbestos cement product requires lowering to the ground, ensure this is done in a manner that will minimise the generation of respirable dust.

• Do not use chutes, ramps or similar gravity dependent devices. Examples of appropriate lowering methods for roof sheeting include:
  - By hand, over short distances
  - Loading the wrapped sheets on to a cradle for support
  - Using scissor lifts or similar devices
  - Using scaffolds.

• Removal of floor tiles:
  Flooring products such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC or vinyl) tiles often contain a few per cent (5–7 per cent) of very fine chrysotile. Black and brown thermoplastic tiles containing larger amounts and often visible clumps of chrysotile were also produced. Sheet floor coverings were sometimes backed with a thin layer of chrysotile paper. Some underfelt, such as hessian underlays for carpets and linoleum, were also manufactured containing asbestos. The mastics which were used to bond the floor covering to the surface could also contain asbestos. Some hardwearing composite floors (for example, magnesium oxychloride) also contain about 2 per cent of mineral fibres, which could be asbestos.
  - Place a tool (such as a scraper or wide blade) between the tiles and lift the tile away from the floor, being careful to minimise breakage
  - A hammer or mallet can be used to tap the tool under firmly-adhered tiles to assist separating the tiles from the floor
  - Minimise dust by spraying fine water mist under tiles as they are lifted
  - Place the tiles into a 200 μm plastic waste bag or suitable alternate waste container dedicated for asbestos waste that is clearly labelled with an appropriate warning sign indicating asbestos waste.
  - Use the scraper to remove any adhesive that is left adhered to the floor after each tile has been removed and place this waste into the asbestos waste bag or suitable waste container
  - The vinyl can be cut into strips prior to its removal to facilitate bagging, or it can be rolled into one roll and wrapped securely with plastic, making sure it is totally sealed.
  If a heat source is used to soften the adhesive beneath a vinyl tile, care should be taken not to scorch or burn the tile. Burning or scorching vinyl tiles can result in the release of toxic decomposition products and generate a fire hazard. In some cases, the adhesive may contain asbestos.

• Removing Bituminous (Malthoid) products:
  This material is generally regarded as non-friable and includes bitumen products such as roofing felts and damp-proof courses that have been widely reinforced by the addition of asbestos, usually in the form of chrysotile paper. Bitumen-based wall and floor coverings were also produced.
  Some mastic used to stick the bitumen products commonly had asbestos added to them for flexibility. Other sealants also had asbestos added to improve the performance of the product.
  When removing bituminous products:
  - Seal access points (for example, skylights) with material such as 200 μm plastic sheeting and duct tape
  - Where there are exhaust vents from gas fired equipment in the area, it is dangerous to seal over them
  - Turn the gas off if possible cut and remove manageable sections
  - Place cut pieces in a lined skip or wrap in plastic sheeting
  - Remove adhering material by dampening and gently scraping. Consider using an industrial vacuum cleaner fitted with a HEPA filter while scraping
  - Remember that mastics are flexible and may require removal by using scraping and chipping tools. The pieces removed should be kept as intact as possible
  - If heating is used to soften the material to enable the material to be peeled, it is important not to burn the material, as this can release respirable asbestos fibres. Excessive heating is also likely to generate toxic fumes and gases and generate a fire hazard
  - Collect all debris and dispose of waste according to the waste disposal procedures.

• Removal of ceiling tiles:
  False ceiling tiles or suspended ceilings sometimes need to be removed so maintenance work can be performed. If asbestos has been used on structural materials above a false ceiling there could be contamination on the upper surface of the tiles.
  
  The minimum RPE suitable for this operation is a P1 or P2 filter with a half-face piece respirator. If considerable amounts of asbestos dust or debris are likely to be involved, full-face air-purifying positive pressure respirators should be worn.
  Any surface below the tiles that might be contaminated should be covered with plastic sheeting.
  
  
  The first tile should be lifted carefully to minimise the disturbance of any asbestos fibres.
  The top of each tile should be thoroughly vacuumed and wet wiped, where possible, prior to removing subsequent tiles.
  
  Where non-asbestos ceiling tiles are to be reused, they should be covered with plastic as they are removed from the ceiling to prevent further dust settling on them.
  
  Wrap the asbestos ceiling tiles in a double layer of heavy-duty, 200 μm thick plastic sheeting.

• Removal of gaskets and rope seals:
  This material is generally regarded as friable. If there is any doubt, advice should be sought from a person with knowledge and experience in dealing with asbestos.
  
  Gaskets reinforced with asbestos were once used extensively in plant and equipment exposed to high temperatures and/or pressures. These gaskets were typically used between the flanges of pipes.
  Asbestos rope was often used for lagging pipes and valves and for sealing hatches. It is likely that the asbestos in gaskets and rope from plant and equipment will be friable. When removing gaskets and rope seals:
  - Ensure the plant or equipment is shut down and isolated
  - Dismantle the equipment carefully
  - Protect any other components with plastic sheeting
  - Ensure the plant and equipment has been made safe (pipework emptied, electrical supply isolated and equipment shutdown, etc.)
  - Unbolt or unscrew the flange or dismantle the equipment
  - Once accessible, dampen the asbestos with a fine water mist or similar
  - Continue dampening the asbestos as more of it is exposed/accessible
  - Ease the gasket or rope seal away with the scraper and place into the waste container positioned directly beside/beneath it
  - Keep the area damp and scrape away any residue (consider using an industrial vacuum cleaner fitted with a HEPA filter while scraping) Removal of pipe lagging using a glove bag (small section).
  
  Ensure that clearance of the area has been completed and a clearance certificate has been issued prior to reoccupation of the area.

• Enter removal site as follows:
  Changing area
  - Put on clean protective clothing.
  Clean area
  - Put on respirator. Conduct fit check.
  Dirty Area
  - Put on additional PPE, footwear
  - Connect air line.
  Follow specified work methods:
  If airline fails, exit bubble using normal decontamination process (the back-up P3 respirator will provide sufficient protection for exit).
  
  Where possible, ensure wet methods are used (fine water spray). Minimise run-off.
  
  Ensure regular clean-up, housekeeping to avoid slips, trips, falls.
  
  Remove small sections and place in labelled waste bags.
  
  Ensure 1 person is outside of bubble at all times to liaise with supervisors, etc and prevent unauthorised entry.
  
  If high temperatures in bubble, ensure regular rest breaks.
  
  Exit the removal area as follows:
  Use vacuum inside bubble to remove visible dust.

• Dirty Area:
  - Remove shoes (store upside down)
  - Disconnect airline
  - Shower whilst wearing PPE and clothing
  - Leave on respirator and remove all clothing
  - Place in labelled bins (waste or laundry).
  
  Clean Area:
  - Shower and remove respirator
  - Wash respirator thoroughly
  - Wash face, head, hands and fingernails thoroughly
  - Store respirator in labelled container.
  
  Clean Changing:
  - Use a clean towel to dry off
  - Change into normal clothes
  - Do not re-enter the clean/dirty areas.
  
  All clothing must be kept wet, placed in impermeable, labelled containers (or labelled double bagged) and taken to appropriate laundry facility.
  
  Waste containment, disposal and clearance must be carried out in accordance with the WHS Regulations 2011 and the relevant Code of Practice

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 3H

Job Step: Clean up

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos - exposure
  - Falls from a height
  - Falls on the same level
  - Objects on ground
  - Uneven or slippery surface
  - Confined Space
  - Work at height above 2 metres
  - Work outdoors
  - Hazardous Manual Tasks
  o awkward, twisting, bending positions
  o lifting, carrying, or putting down objects
  o pushing, pulling, throwing, pressing objects
  o repetitious movements.

Risks include:

• - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Falling from height causing serious injury or death
  - Trip, slip, fall on same level causing bruises, sprains, strains, fractures
  - Electrocution / Electric shock
  - Explosion / Fire / smoke
  - Exposure to toxic/hazardous atmosphere
  - Falling objects – being struck / crushed
  - Muscular stress/ Musculoskeletal Disorder

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• RIsk Rating Before Control: 4A

• On completion:
  - Competent person must deem area clean
  - Area to be sprayed with tinted PVA (including all plastic used)
  - All tools and equipment should be decontaminated and stored appropriately.
  
  Hygienist should conduct air monitoring and, if satisfactory, they should issue a clearance certificate.
  Only dismantle bubble after clearance certificate has been issued.

• Waste, Ensure:
  - All drums/bins are in good condition and able to be sealed air tight
  - Lined with plastic (200 micron thick)
  - Labelled “Danger – Asbestos – No not break seal (or similar)
  - Inspect bins/drums if re-using
  - If using skip, double bag and label.

• Check with State and Local Authority for approved disposal instructions and locations.
  
  Air monitoring must be conducted before and during Class A asbestos removal work. However, it is not required before friable asbestos removal work commences when the glove bag removal technique is used. Air monitoring must be carried out as part of the clearance inspection, for instance at the conclusion of the asbestos removal work.
  The enclosure must not be dismantled until the results are received from:
  - If the friable asbestos is removed from a domestic premises – the licensed asbestos assessor who undertook the air monitoring
  - In any other case – the person who commissioned the Class A asbestos removal work.
  
  The results must show that the respirable asbestos fibre level is below 0.01 fibres/ml.
  The enclosure must be decontaminated prior to dismantling it to minimise, so far as is reasonably practicable, the release of respirable asbestos fibres. The person who commissions the removal of the friable asbestos must obtain a clearance certificate from the licensed asbestos assessor after the enclosure has been dismantled.

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 3H

Job Step: Maintenance

Hazards include:

• - Asbestos - exposure
  - Falls on the same level
  - Objects on ground
  - Uneven or slippery surface
  - Hazardous Manual Tasks
  o awkward, twisting, bending positions
  o lifting, carrying, or putting down objects
  o pushing, pulling, throwing, pressing objects
  o repetitious movements

Risks include:

• - Inhalation of dust or fibres - asbestos etc.
  - Trip, slip, fall on same level causing bruises, sprains, strains, fractures
  - Falling objects – being struck / crushed
  - Muscular stress/ Musculoskeletal Disorder.

Control Measures to Reduce Risk

• RIsk Rating Before Control: 3H

• Ensure all servicing, maintenance and repairs are performed by suitably qualified & competent persons.
  
  After the asbestos removal work is completed, tools must be decontaminated.
  All equipment used for the removal of asbestos should be inspected before the commencement of the asbestos removal work, after any repairs and at least once every seven days when it is continually being used.
  A register with the details of these inspections, the state of the equipment and any repair details should be maintained.

• Asbestos vacuum cleaners should comply with the Class H requirements in Australian Standard AS/NZS 60335.2.69 Industrial vacuum cleaners or its equivalent. Asbestos vacuum cleaners should not be used on wet materials or surfaces. Attachments with brushes should not be used as they are difficult to decontaminate.
  
  Filters for these vacuum cleaners should conform to the requirements of AS 4260-1997 High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters – Classification, construction and performance or its equivalent.

• Ensure:
  - Ladders are maintained in good working order
  - Safety harnesses are inspected after each use
  - Inspect tools and equipment (including condition of electrical leads). If any damage detected, attach “Do not use” tag and take item out of use until repairs can be made
  - Wash hands after use and before eating, drinking or smoking
  - Used containers that may still contain contaminated material:
  o Do not cut or drill containers
  o Return to supplier, or contact local waste authority for correct disposal.
  
  Ensure all equipment undergoes regular maintenance as required by manufacturer.
  When equipment is being taken out of service for maintenance:
  - Shut off and isolate the power supply
  - Power supply is clearly labelled/tagged “do not use”.
  
  Ensure regular documented condition inspections (including: cuts or “kinks” to cords / leads and or other safety related controls).

• Person responsible to implement control measures:

• RIsk Rating After Control: 2M

Emergency Procedures / Emergency Response

• Emergency Response: Call 000 immediately then administer first aid to injured person/s, refer to emergency plan.
  Develop and implement an emergency response plan for the site. Include:
  - Assembly points
  - Communication
  - Consultation methods
  - Responsible persons
  - Emergency contacts - names and phone numbers
  - First aid equipment
  - Fire Extinguishers – accessible & serviced.
  
  Develop site-specific rescue procedures/SWMS.
  Ensure all workers on-site are trained and familiar with emergency and evacuation procedures.

• In case of personal injury:
  - Cease operations
  - Shut off any equipment,
  - Obtain first aid or medical aid for injured persons.
  - Call 000 for serious injury
  - Report all incidents/near misses.
  Incident if exposed to asbestos through uncontrolled release: Ensure:
  - Shut down all operations move away from area
  - Do not attempt to clean asbestos from area until extent of release determined
  - Seal off area to prevent access until clean up initiated
  - Decontaminate self
  - Seek medical attention.

• Person/s responsible to implement and follow emergency procedures and control measures:

Review

• To ensure controls are implemented and monitored effectively:
  • Toolbox /pre-work meetings will be undertaken
  • Relevant persons will be consulted on hazards and contents of SWMS, work plans and other applicable information
  • Control measures will be monitored throughout works:
  o Spot checks
  o Consultation
  o Scheduled audits
  • Corrective actions will be recorded and rectified in a timely manner SWMS will be reviewed and updated accordingly (in consultation with relevant persons)

• Ensure all controls are reviewed as per the following:
  • If controls fail to reduce risk adequately
  • When changes to the workplace or work activity occur that create new / different risks where controls may no longer be effective
  • New hazards identified
  • After an incident involving work activities relevant to this SWMS
  • During consultation with relevant persons indicate review is needed
  • A Health and Safety Representative (HSR) requests a review in line with the requirements of the legislation.

• Person/s responsible to implement and follow monitoring and review procedures and control measures:

Relevant Legislation, Codes of Practice:

• Note: Retain only the legislation references applicable to your state of operation for this SWMS.

• Northern Territory

• Safe Work Australia (2011):
  o Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2011
  o Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Regulations 2011

• Commonwealth, NSW, QLD, ACT

• Safe Work Australia (2011)
  o Work Health and Safety Act 2011
  o Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011

• SA, Tasmania

• o Work Health and Safety Act 2012
  o Work Health and Safety Regulations 2012

• Victoria

• o Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004
  o Occupational Health & Safety Regulations 2007

• Western Australia

• o Occupational Safety & Health Act 1984
  o Occupational Safety & Health Regulations 1996

Codes of Practice

• Commonwealth, NSW, QLD, ACT, NT, SA, Tas.

• Safe Work Australia (2011)
  o Construction Work
  o First Aid in the Workplace
  o Managing the Risk of Falls at Workplaces
  o Managing the Risk of Plant in the Workplace
  o Managing Noise and Preventing Hearing Loss in the Workplace
  o How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks
  o Hazardous Manual Tasks
  o Managing Risks of Hazardous Chemicals
  o Managing Electrical Risks in the Workplace
  o Managing the Work Environment and Facilities
  o WHS Consultation, Cooperation & Coordination

• Victoria

• Compliance Codes: WorkSafe Victoria
  - Communicating OHS across languages
  - Workplace amenities and work environment
  - Confined Spaces
  - First Aid in the workplace
  - Prevention of falls in general construction
  - Managing asbestos in workplaces
  - Removing asbestos in workplaces
  • Codes of Practice: WorkSafe Victoria
  - The storage & handling of dangerous goods
  - Plant
  - Manual handling
  - Demolition
  - Building & construction workplaces
  - Hazardous substances
  - Prevention of falls in housing construction

Australian Standards

• o AS/NZS1269: 2005 Occupational noise management
  o AS/NZS 4501:2008 (set) Occupational Protective Clothing
  o AS4024.1: 1996 Safeguarding of machinery - General principles
  o AS 4024.1:2006 Safety of machinery
  o AS 4260-1997 High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters - Classification, construction
  o AS/NZS 1576.1:2010 Scaffolding – General requirements
  o AS.1892.5: 2000 Portable Ladders – selection, safe use and care
  o AS 1319:1994 Safety Signs for Occupational Environment
  o AS/NZS 3760:2010 In-service safety inspection and testing of electrical equipment
  o AS/NZS 1716:2003 Respiratory protective devices
  o AS 1891 (set) Industrial Safety Belts and Harness
  o AS/NZS 2210.1:2010 Safety, protective and occupational footwear - Guide to selection, care and use
  o AS/NZS 4994.1:2009 Temporary Edge Protection - General requirements
  o AS 2550.10:2006 Cranes, hoists and winches - safe use - mobile elevating work platforms
  o AS 3640:2004 Workplace atmospheres - Method for sampling and gravimetric determination of inhalable dust
  o AS/NZS 60335.2 Industrial vacuum cleaners

Reference Documents

• Safe Work Australia (2011): Code of Practice: Managing the risk of falls at workplaces
  Safe Work Australia (2011): Code of Practice: How to Safely Remove Asbestos
  Safe Work Australia (2011): Code of Practice: How to Manage and Control Asbestos in the Workplace
  WorkSafe Victoria (2008): Compliance Code: Removing Asbestos in Workplaces
  WorkSafe Victoria (2008): Asbestos A handbook for workplaces
  Safe Work Australia (2013): Guidance on the interpretation of workplace exposure standards for airborne contaminants
  World Health Organisation: “Dust - Definition and Concepts”

• Formal Training, Licences required for workers undertaking this task:

• Duties of workers undertaking this task:

• Details of Supervisory Arrangements for workers undertaking this task:

• Details of: regulatory permits/licences Engineering Details/Certificates/WorkCover:

• Plant/Tools/Equipment: (List plant and equipment to be used on the job).

Worker Sign-off

• This SWMS has been developed in consultation and cooperation with employee/workers and relevant Employer/Persons Conducting Business or Undertaking (PCBU). I have read the above SWMS and I understand its contents. I confirm that I have the skills and training, including relevant certification to conduct the task as described. I agree to comply with safety requirements within this SWMS including risk control measures, safe work instructions and Personal Protective Equipment described.

Employee

• Employee/Worker Name and Signature:

  Sign

• Job Role/Position

• Employer/PCBU/Supervisor: