Title Page
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Document No.
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Audit Title
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Client / Site
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Conducted on
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Prepared by
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Location
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Personnel
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The primary materials encountered in the superstructure inspection are concrete, steel, and wood. Typical observations of deficits will be observed by: failures in the exterior closure systems of exterior walls, openings, and roofs; cracks; movement of materials; moisture penetration; and discoloration. The exterior visual survey will detect failures of surface materials or at openings that will require further inspection to determine whether the cause was the superstructure system.
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Deficiencies
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Concrete (columns, walls, and floor and roof slabs)
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Overall alignment
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Causes
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Settlement due to design and construction techniques.
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Under designed for loading conditions (see A10 Foundations).
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Deflection
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Causes
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Expansion and/or contraction due to changes in design loads.
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Original design deficient.
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Original materials deficient.
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Surface conditions
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Cracks
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Causes
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Inadequate design and/or construction due to changes in design loads.
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Stress concentration.
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Extreme temperature changes; secondary effects of freeze-thaw.
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Scaling, stalls, and pop-outs
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Causes
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Extreme temperature changes.
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Reinforcement corrosion.
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Environmental conditions.
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Mechanical damage.
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Poor materials.
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Stains
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Causes
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Chemical reaction of reinforcing.
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Reaction of materials in concrete mixture.
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Environmental conditions.
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Exposed reinforcing
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Causes
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Corrosion of steel.
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Insufficient cover.
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Mechanical damage.
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Steel (structural members, stairs, and connections)
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Overall alignment
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Causes
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Settlement due to design and construction techniques; improper fabrication.
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Deflection or cracking
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Causes
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Expansion and/or contraction.
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Changes in design loads.
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Fatigue due to vibration or Impact.
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Corrosion
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Causes
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Electrochemical reaction.
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Failure of protective coating.
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Excessive wear.
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Surface deterioration
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Causes
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Excessive wear.
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Wood (structural members and connections)
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Overall alignment
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Causes
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Settlement; design and construction techniques.
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Deflection or cracking
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Causes
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Expansion and/or contraction.
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Changes in design loads.
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Fatigue due to vibration.
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Failure of compression members.
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Poor construction techniques.
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General material failure.
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Rot (Decay)
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Causes
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Direct contact with moisture.
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Condensation.
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Omission or deterioration of vapor barrier.
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Poor construction techniques.
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Damage from rodents or insects.
