Playground Audit / Inspection

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SURFACING MATERIAL

  • All anchoring posts and devices are below material

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  • Area is free of trip hazards

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  • Surfacing material is free of debris, weeds, and standing water.

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Loose-fill surfacing material:

  • Fall material is a minimum of 9 inches deep

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  • Fall material is evenly distributed (i.e. it is not piling up under platforms, etc.)

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  • Fall material is loose and ample

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Unitary surfacing material:

  • Surfacing material is in good condition

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  • Type of fall material:

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USE ZONES

  • Use zone around stationary equipment is 72”<br>Adjacent play structures - 30” or less can be 6’; more than 30” must be 9’<br>

  • Comments:

  • Use zone in front of slides is minimum 6’ – maximum 8’<br>- Slides greater than 6 feet, use zone in front should be as long as the slide is tall up to a max of 8 feet.<br>- Use zone shall never overlap another use zone

  • Comments:

  • Use zone for rotating play equipment is 72”<br>- Use zone may not overlap any other equipment

  • Comments:

  • Use zone for swings is twice the height of surface material to the pivot point<br>- Front-to-rear use zone cannot overlap any other equipment<br>- Use zone 6 feet from support posts<br>- Use zone of support structure for adjacent swings may overlap

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  • Use zone for bucket seat swings is twice the height from seat to the pivot bar<br>- Use zone 6 feet from support posts

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  • Use zone for multi-axis swings is the height of the swing seat to the pivot point plus 72”<br>- Use zone 6 feet from support posts<br>- Use zone cannot overlap any other equipment<br>- Use zone of support structure for adjacent swings may overlap

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  • Use zone for rocking/springing play equipment<br>- 72” if user is intended to sit<br>- May overlap when each structure consists of a seat with height of 30” or less

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  • Use zone for rocking/springing play equipment<br>- 84” if user is intended to stand<br>- Use zone may not overlap any other equipment

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  • Use zone for a track ride shall extend no less than 72” in all directions

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  • Overhead obstructions within the use zones are 84” above designated playing surfaces and pivot of swings.

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ACCESSIBILITY

  • Accessible route outside and access point into play area <br>- 60” minimum clear width w/ designated entrance<br>- Exterior walkway may be narrowed to 36” for a distance of 60” (i.e., tree narrows path) <br>- 80” vertical clearance along ground level accessible route<br>- No change in level greater than ¼” delta or ½” beveled along path of travel at ramp and entrance to the play area (see below).<br>- Maximum ramp slope is 5% (1:20) into the play area w/o handrails. With handrails 6.25% (1:16)

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  • Accessible route/clear ground space inside play box<br>- 60” minimum clear width to transfer platform and each ground level play component<br>- Minimum 30” wide x 48” long clear ground space positioned for forward or parallel approach to the ground level play component <br>- Accessible elevated play component route – minimum 36” wide, can be reduced to minimum 32” for a distance of 24”<br>- Minimum 24” allowable at transfer steps

  • Comments:

  • Transfer platform<br>- 11” to 18” above the protective surfacing<br>- Minimum 14” deep x 24” wide<br>- Transfer support provided<br>- Minimum 48” x 48” transfer space area adjacent to and centered on the platform<br>- May be primary access if play area has less than 20 elevated play components<br>Transfer platform<br>- 11” to 18” above the protective surfacing<br>- Minimum 14” deep x 24” wide<br>- Transfer support provided<br>- Minimum 48” x 48” transfer space area adjacent to and centered on the platform<br>- May be primary access if play area has less than 20 elevated play components

  • Comments:

  • Transfer steps:<br>- 24” wide minimum<br>- 14” deep minimum<br>- 8” high maximum<br>- Contrast striping on upper approach and each stair tread - full width 2-4” wide stripe, within 1” maximum from front edge. Paint is acceptable

  • Comments:

  • Entry point/seats on play equipment (i.e., swings, play bench, any element requiring transfer to a seat)<br> - 11” to 24” to top of seat above protective surfacing<br>Swings only - Minimum 60” circle or T-shaped turning space located immediately adjacent to swing

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  • Play tables:<br>- 24” high minimum knee clearance<br>- 31” maximum height of table<br>- 30” wide minimum<br>- 17” deep minimum

  • Comments:

Required # of accessible play components:

  • - Ground level (see Table A for appropriate number. See Table B for recommended reach range to highest operable part of play element)

  • Table B

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  • Table A

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If playground has 20 or more elevated play components:

  • Elevated accessible routes:<br>- Ramp to elevated play components required<br>- Minimum 36” wide ramp width<br>- Ramp - handrail height between 20” and 28”<br>- Maximum 12” ramp rise

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  • Landings<br>- Minimally as wide as the ramp at bottom and top landing <br>- Top landing - minimum length 60” to allow for direction change<br>- Minimum 60” turning space

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STAIRWAYS, LADDERS AND HANDRAILS

  • Rung ladders, climbing nets, arch climbers, tire climbers are not used as the sole access on equipment intended for pre-school age children<br>- Flexible access components for 2-5 years allows user to bring both feet to same level before ascending to next level

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  • Flexible components used for access are securely connected at both ends<br>- Anchoring device must be beneath the ground surface material

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  • Climbers used for access have hand support for use while climbing

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  • Rungs and handrails have a diameter between .95 and 1.55<br>- Rungs are secured to prevent turning<br>- Between .60” and 1.20” for toddlers

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  • The stepping surface used for final access (for rung ladders, flexible components, arch climbers, etc.) is not above the designated play surface it serves.

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  • Handrail height: Vertical distance between the edge of the step and the top surface of the handrail is:<br>- Between 15” and 20” for toddlers<br>- Between 22” and 26” for preschool age<br>- Between 22” and 38” for school age<br>- Begins with the first step<br>Vertical infill for protective barriers may be preferable for younger children because the vertical components can be grasped at whatever height a child chooses as a handhold

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  • Stairs more than 48” above the surface have barriers<br>Measure height of highest step in a series of steps to determine.

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PLATFORMS

  • Maximum difference in height between stepped platforms are:<br>- 7” for toddlers<br>- 12” for preschool age children<br>- 18” for school age children<br>- If difference is more than noted, an access component is needed

  • Comments:

  • Openings between platforms are not a head entrapment hazard

  • Comments:

  • If the space between platforms exceeds 9” and the height of the lower platform exceeds 30” for preschool or 48” for school age, in-fill is used to reduce the space to less than 3.5”

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  • Platforms intended for toddlers are no more than 32” above the protective surfacing

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GUARDRAILS AND PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

  • Openings between uprights and between barrier and platform surface are not a head entrapment hazard

  • Comments:

  • Guardrails and barriers:<br>- Designed to prevent falls off the platform<br>- Discourage climbing on the barrier<br>- Aid supervision

  • Comments:

  • Guardrails/barriers completely surround elevated platform except for entrance and exit opening<br>- 15” maximum to access play event<br>- If more than 15”, must have one top rail of a guardrail<br>- Stairs, ramps and upper body equipment are exempt from this requirement

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  • Solid panels used as infill have transparent areas to facilitate supervision and permit viewing from platform

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  • Guardrails are provided for preschool age:<br>- Elevated surface more than 20” but not over 30” above protective surface<br>- Minimum height of top rail is 29”<br>- Maximum height of lower rail is 23”

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  • Guardrails are provided for school age:<br>- Elevated surface more than 30” but not over 48” above protective surface<br>- Minimum height of top rail is 38”<br>- Maximum height of lower rail is 28”

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  • Barriers are provided for toddlers:<br>- Elevated surface more than 18” above protective surface<br>- Minimum height of barrier is 24”<br>- Guardrails are not recommended

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  • Barriers are provided for preschool age:<br>- Elevated surface more than 30” above protective surface<br>- Minimum height of barrier is 29”

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  • Barriers are provided for school age:<br>- Elevated surface more than 48” above protective surface<br>- Minimum height of barrier is 38”

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DURABILITY & FINISH

  • Metal surfaces painted or treated to prevent rust<br>- Bare metal slides or platform surfaces are to be avoided unless away from the sun or covered

  • Comments:

  • Painted surfaces are in good shape and not chipped

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  • Wood structures or play elements are in good condition<br>- Wood support posts are undamaged below fall material.

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  • Plastic materials and components are in good condition

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HARDWARE

  • All nuts, bolts, pins, lock washers and other connectors are present and secure

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  • All posts are capped and sealed

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  • Hardware in moving joints are secure

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  • All S-hooks are closed so there is no gap or space greater than .04” or wide enough to admit a dime.

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PROJECTIONS, PROTRUSIONS AND PINCH POINTS

  • Equipment is free of sharp points and corners are rounded. Caps or plugs cover exposed open ends of tubing. Wood parts are smooth and free of splinters.

  • Comments:

  • Protrusions and projections do not extend beyond the face of any of the 3 gauges nor increase in the direction away from the surrounding surface nor project beyond the face of the nut more than 2 full threads.

  • Comments:

  • Protrusions on swing assemblies:<br>- Using the swing test gauge, no bolt or component protrudes beyond it (1/8”).

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  • Connecting devices on swings:<br>- S-hooks, C-hooks, pelican hooks, etc. are closed so there is no gap or space greater than .04”<br>- No portion of the lower loop of an S-hook projects beyond the vertical boundary of the upper loop<br>- Upper loop of S-hook may align, partially overlap or completely overlap without extending past the connector body<br>- S-hook lower loop aligns with connector body and does not overlap.

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  • Protrusions on slides:<br>- Not great than 1/8”<br>- Slide has a smooth, continuous sliding surface without any gaps or spaces that may create an entanglement hazard

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  • No accessible pinch, crush or shearing points. May be caused by components moving relative to each other or to a fixed component.

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LABELS

Signs and/or stickers indicate the following:

  • - age appropriateness of the equipment

  • - supervision recommendation

  • - hazard of play equipment located over hard surfaces

  • - equipment manufacturer

  • - hot play surfaces warning

  • - hazards of drawstrings, accessories and other things worn around the neck

  • - removal of helmets (i.e. bike helmets)

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PARTIALLY BOUND OPENINGS AND ANGLES

  • Partially bound openings do not present an entrapment hazard<br>- Use the partially bound opening template (“fish probe”)<br>- Partially bound openings less than 24” above the surface are exempt

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  • Angles formed by adjacent components are greater than 55 degrees<br>- Unless lower leg is horizontal or projects downward

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ENTRAPMENT

  • All openings on equipment are less than 3.5” or greater than 9”<br>- Use the head entrapment tools

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  • Partially bound openings do not present an entrapment hazard<br>- Use the partially bound opening template (“fish probe”)<br>- Partially bound openings less than 24” above the surface are exempt

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  • Angles formed by adjacent components are greater than 55 degrees<br>- Unless lower leg is horizontal or projects downward

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  • Flexible components (i.e. rope, cable or chains) are secured at both ends and not capable of being looped back on itself.

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  • Flexible components suspended between play units are not located in high traffic areas.

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CLIMBING AND UPPER BODY EQUIPMENT

  • Maximum fall height for free standing and composite climbing structures for toddlers is 32”

  • Comments:

  • Climbers do not have bars or other structural components in the interior of the structure onto which a child may fall from a height of more than 18”

  • Comments:

  • Equipment allows children to descend as easily as they ascend. <br>***Especially important for preschool equipment.

  • Comments:

  • Layout of equipment does not facilitate climbing to top support bars of upper body equipment nor interfere with movement on adjacent structures.

  • Comments:

  • Spacing between components does not present head entrapment hazards

  • Comments:

  • Flexible climbing equipment:<br>- Is not the sole means of access to components intended for use by 2-5 year olds or toddlers<br>- Anchoring device is beneath protective surfacing<br>- Perimeter of net opening should be less than 17” or greater than 28”<br>- Flexible components (i.e. rope, cable or chains) are secured at both ends and not capable of being looped back on itself.<br>- Flexible components suspended between play units are not located in high traffic areas.<br>- Free standing flexible climbers are not recommended for toddlers or preschool age

  • Comments:

  • 3D Climbing Nets:<br>- No clear opening between flexible members with a vertical dimension greater than 72” and a diameter greater than:<br>- 18” for nets intended for 2-5 year olds<br>- 20” for nets intended for 5-12 year olds

  • Comments:

  • 3D Climbing Nets:<br>- Minimum fall height for structure greater than 72” high is 72”<br>- Exterior fall height – distance from surfacing to highest point at which a rigid vertical device contacts the net structure when moved around the perimeter.<br>- Interior fall height – distance from surfacing to the highest member with a clear vertical path to the surfacing with a diameter of 18” for 2-5 years old and 20” for 5- 12 years old.

  • Comments:

  • Arch climber:<br>- Is not the sole means of access to components intended for use by 2-5 year olds<br>- Free standing arch climbers are not allowed on preschool or toddler playgrounds<br>- Rungs are .95” to 1.55” in diameter

  • Comments:

  • Horizontal ladders and overhead rings:<br>- Distance from edge of take-off/landing structure to first handhold is no greater than 10” and not directly above platform when platform is the access<br>- Rungs on ladders intended for 4-5 year olds are parallel and evenly spaced<br>- Space between adjacent rungs – no more than 12” for preschool and 15” for school age (does not apply to rings if rings swing)<br>- Maximum length of chains for overhead rings is 7 inches.

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  • Horizontal ladders and overhead rings:<br>- Maximum height from center of grasping device to surfacing is 60” for preschool or 84” for school age<br>- Maximum height for take-off/landing structure is 18” for preschool and 36” for school age

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EQUIPMENT

  • Balance beams:<br>- Maximum height 12” for preschool<br>- Maximum height 16” for school age<br>- Not recommended for toddlers

  • Comments:

  • Climbing ropes:<br>- Secure at both ends and not able to make a loop with an inside perimeter greater than 5”

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  • Seesaws:<br>- Prohibited for toddlers and preschool unless equipped with a spring centering device <br>- Fulcrum is free of pinch and crush points<br>- Shock absorbing material under seats to minimize impact with ground<br>- Handholds do not protrude beyond sides of seat<br>- Handgrips are 3” minimum if intended to be gripped by one hand and 6” if intended to be gripped by 2 hands<br>- Maximum 60” height of seat above protective surface

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  • Log rolls:<br>- Prohibited for use by children less than 5 years<br>- 18” above fall surface material<br>- Hand gripping components for use; .95” to 1.55” in diameter

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  • Track Rides:<br>- Prohibited for use by children less than 5 years<br>- Hand grip is 64” minimum and 78” maximum above the surface material<br>- Landings (if used) have a minimum 36” length and 32” minimum width<br>- Center to center distance between adjacent tracks are 48” minimum

  • Comments:

  • Sliding poles:<br>- Prohibited on equipment for toddlers and preschool age<br>- Continuous with no welds or seams<br>- Horizontal distance between platform edge and pole is between 18” and 20”<br>- Pole extends at least 60” above the platform<br>- Pole diameter is 1.9” maximum<br>- Guardrail or barrier at pole access has an opening of 15” maximum

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SLIDES

  • Depth of transition platform is 14” or greater<br>- Width equal to or greater than width of sliding chute<br>- Depth for equipment intended for toddlers is 19”

  • Comments:

  • Guardrail or hood present to channel user into a sitting position

  • Comments:

  • Straight slides with flat open chutes have 4”minimum sides for entire length of sliding surface

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  • Slide chute is continuous without any gaps. Roller slides are excluded from this requirement.

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  • 21” of clearance surrounds the slide chute

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  • Metal slides are shaded to prevent burns from direct sun

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  • Exit region of slide is:<br>- 11” above protective surfacing for slides no more than 4 feet in height<br>- Between 7” and 15” above protective surfacing for slides over 4 feet in height<br>- Toddler slides – no more than 6” above protective surfacing

  • Comments:

  • Embankment slides:<br>- Maximum height of 12” above the ground<br>- Chute entrance minimizes use by skateboards, bikes, etc.

  • Comments:

  • Spiral slides:<br>- One turn (360 degrees) or less for toddlers and preschool

  • Comments:

  • Tube slides:<br>- Minimum internal diameter no less than 23”

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  • Roller slides:<br>- Space between adjacent rollers and between ends of rollers and stationary structure are less than 3/16”

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SWINGS

  • Prohibited:<br>- Swings attached to composite structures<br>- Animal figure swings<br>- Rope swings<br>- Swinging dual exercise rings and trapeze bars

  • Comments:

  • S-hooks are closed with no gap or space great than .04”. Gap cannot admit a dime.

  • Comments:

  • Swing structure discourages climbing. A-frame supports do not have cross-bars

  • Comments:

  • 2 swings per bay maximum

  • Comments:

  • Swing hangers at pivot spaced no less than 20” apart

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** The following measurements are taken at 60” above protective surfacing

  • **Swing spacing – toddler (bucket):<br>- 20” between swing and support structure<br>- 20” between swings<br>- No less than 24” underside of occupied swing to surface<br>- Located in a separate bay from other swings<br>- Pivot points are between 47” and 96” above the protective surfacing

  • Comments:

  • **Swing spacing – preschool:<br>- 30” between swing and support structure<br>- 24” between swings<br>- No less than 12” underside of occupied swing to surface

  • Comments:

  • **Swing spacing – school age:<br>- 30” between swing and support structure<br>- 24” between swings<br>- No less than 12” underside of occupied swing to surface

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Multi-Axis Tire Swing:

  • - Minimum clearance between seating surface and upright of support structure is 30” when tire is in a position closest to the support structure.<br>- No less than 12” underside of occupied swing to surface

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ROTATING & ROCKING EQUIPMENT

  • Merry-Go-Rounds and Whirls:<br>- Components do not extend beyond the perimeter of the platform<br>- Underside of platform is no less than 9” above the surface<br>- No openings between the axis and periphery that permit a 5/16 rod to penetrate<br>- No accessible shearing or crushing mechanism in the undercarriage<br>- Maximum height for standing/sitting surface is 14” above surface for preschool and 18” for school age<br>- Hand grips have a diameter of 0.95” to 1.55”<br>- Not recommended for playgrounds intended for toddlers

  • Comments:

  • Spring Rockers:<br>- Springs minimize possibility of pinching hands or feet<br>- Each seating position has handgrips and footrests<br>- Handgrips are 3” minimum if intended to be gripped by one hand and 6” if intended to be gripped by 2 hands<br>- Seat height is between 12” and 16” for toddlers<br>- Seat height is between 14” and 28” for preschool<br>- Hand grips have a diameter of 0.60” to 1.20” for toddlers<br>- Hand grips have a diameter of 0.95” to 1.55” for preschool and school age

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DRAWING

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